Bava Kamma 16

Chapter 16

א בנזקין נמי נימא הכי
1 why should the same not be said regarding creditors for damages?<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' I.e., they also should thus not he paid out of the best; like creditors for loans they would still he paid out of the medium quality, as the worst quality they could never lose. ');"><sup>1</sup></span>
ב אלא הכא במאי עסקינן ביתמי דלאו בני פרעון נינהו ושיעבודא דיליה עליה דידיה רמיא
2 It must therefore he surmised that we deal with [a case where the vendor has meanwhile died, and, as his] heirs are not personally liable to pay,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' I.e., when no land was left in the inherited estate. ');"><sup>2</sup></span>
ג הלכך ליכא למימר הכי
3 the original liability [which accompanied the purchased properties] must always remain upon the purchaser;<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' For even by transferring the worst quality to the heirs he would not escape any liability affecting him. ');"><sup>3</sup></span>
ד אלא משום דאמר להו טעמא מאי אמור רבנן אין נפרעין מנכסין משועבדים במקום שיש בני חורין משום תקנתא דידי אנא בהא תקנתא לא ניחא לי
4 who could consequently no longer [threaten the creditors and] say this: ['If you acquiesce&nbsp;…'?]<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Since the liability upon him will thereby not be affected, why then should they, in such circumstances, not resort to the very best property purchased? ');"><sup>4</sup></span>
ה כדרבא דאמר רבא כל האומר אי אפשי בתקנת חכמים כגון זו שומעין לו
5 — But the reason the creditors cannot be paid out of the best is that the vendee may [repudiate their demand and] say to them: 'On what account have the Rabbis enacted that "property disposed of by a debtor can not be attached by his creditors so long as there are available possessions still not disposed of"5 if not for the sake of protecting my interests? In the present instance I have no interest in availing myself of this enactment.' Exactly as Raba, for Raba elsewhere said: Whoever asserts, 'I have no desire to avail myself of a Rabbinical enactment' such as this is listened to.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Keth. 83a. ');"><sup>6</sup></span>
ו מאי כגון זו
6 To what does 'such as this' refer? — To R. Huna, for R. Huna said: A woman is entitled to say to her husband, 'I don't expect any maintenance from you<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Maintenance is a Rabbinical enactment for married women in exchange for their domestic work; cf. Keth. 47b. ');"><sup>7</sup></span>
ז כדרב הונא דאמר רב הונא יכולה אשה שתאמר לבעלה איני ניזונית ואיני עושה:
7 and I do not want to work for you.'<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Keth. 58b. ');"><sup>8</sup></span>
ח פשיטא מכר לוקח בינונית וזיבורית ושייר עידית לפניו ליתו כולהו וליגבו מעידית
8 It is quite certain that if the vendee<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Who at successive sales purchased the whole estate of a debtor, and the last purchase was property of the best quality. ');"><sup>9</sup></span>
ט דהא אחרונה היא ובינונית וזיבורית ליתנהו גביה דמצי למימר להו גבו מבינונית וזיבורית דלא ניחא לי בתקנתא דרבנן
9 has sold the medium and worst qualities and retained the best, creditors of all descriptions may come along and collect out of the best quality. For this property was acquired by him last; and, since the medium and worst qualities are no more in his possession, he is not in a position to say to the creditors: 'Take payment out of the medium and worst properties, as I have no interest in availing myself of the Rabbinic enactment.'<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' As supra p. 31. ');"><sup>10</sup></span>
י אבל מכר עידית ושייר בינונית וזיבורית מאי
10 But what is the law when the vendee disposed of the best quality and retained the medium and the worst? — Abaye at first was inclined to say: Creditors of all descriptions are entitled to come and collect out of the best.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' At the hands of the sub-vendee, since nothing else of the same estate is with him to be offered to the creditors ');"><sup>11</sup></span>
יא סבר אביי למימר אתו כולהו גבו מעידית
11 But Raba said to him.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Cf. 'Ar. 31b. ');"><sup>12</sup></span>
יב א"ל רבא מה מכר ראשון לשני כל זכות שתבא לידו וכיון דאילו אתו גבי לוקח ראשון מצי אגבי להו מבינונית וזיבורית ואע"פ דכי זבני בינונית וזיבורית אכתי עידית בני חורין הואי ואין נפרעין מנכסים משועבדים כל זמן דאיכא בני חורין מצי א"ל לא ניחא לי בהאי תקנה
12 Does not a vendee selling [property] to a sub-vendee assign to him all the rights [connected] therewith] that may accrue to him?<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' I.e., the vendee. ');"><sup>13</sup></span>
יג לוקח שני נמי מצי א"ל גבי בינונית וזיבורית דכי זבין לוקח שני אדעתא דכל זכותא דה"ל לראשון בגוה זבין
13 Hence just as when the creditors come to claim from the vendee, he is entitled to pay them out of the medium and the worst [respectively], irrespective of the fact that when the medium and the worst qualities were purchased by him, the best property still remained free with the original vendor, and in spite of the enactment that properties disposed of cannot be distrained on [at the hands of the vendee] so long as there is available [with the debtor] property undisposed of,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Git. V, 1. ');"><sup>14</sup></span>
יד אמר רבא ראובן שמכר כל שדותיו לשמעון והלך שמעון ומכר שדה אחת ללוי ובא ב"ח דראובן רצה מזה גובה רצה מזה גובה ולא אמרן אלא דזבן בינונית
14 the reason of the exception being that the vendee is entitled to say that he has no interest in availing himself of this enactment, so is the subvendee similarly entitled to say to the creditors: 'Take payment out of the medium and the worst.'<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' At the hands of the vendee. ');"><sup>15</sup></span>
טו אבל זבן עידית וזיבורית לא דא"ל להכי דייקי וזבני עידית וזיבורית ארעא דלא חזיא לך
15 For the sub-vendee entered into the sale only upon the understanding that any right that his vendor may possess in connection with the purchase should also be assigned to him.
טז ואפילו זבן בינונית נמי לא אמרן אלא דלא שייר בינונית דכוותיה דלא מצי א"ל הנחתי לך מקום לגבי שמעון אבל שייר בינונית דכוותיה גבי שמעון לא גבי מיניה דמצי א"ל הנחתי לך מקום לגבות ממנו
16 Raba said:<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Cf. Keth. 92b. ');"><sup>16</sup></span>
יז אמר אביי ראובן שמכר שדה לשמעון באחריות ואתא ב"ח דראובן וטרף משמעון דינא הוא דאזיל ראובן ומשתעי דינא בהדיה ולא מצי א"ל לאו בעל דברים דידי את דאמר ליה אי מפקת מיניה עלי הדר
17 If Reuben disposed of all his lands to Simeon who in his turn sold one of the fields to Levi, Reuben's creditor may come and collect out of the land which is in the possession either of Simeon or Levi. This law applies only when Levi bought medium quality; but if he purchased either the best or the worst the law is otherwise, as Levi may lawfully contend: 'I have purposely been careful to buy the best or the worst, that is, property which is not available for you.'<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Cf. supra p. 29. ');"><sup>17</sup></span>
יח ואיכא דאמרי אפילו שלא באחריות נמי דא"ל לא ניחא לי דתהוי לשמעון תרעומת עלי
18 Again, even when he bought medium quality the creditor will not have this option unless Levi did not leave [with Simeon] medium quality of a similar nature, in which case he is unable to plead, 'l have left for you ample land with Simeon;' but if Levi did leave with Simeon medium quality of a similar nature the creditor is not entitled to distrain on Levi who may lawfully contend, 'I have left for you ample land [with Simeon] to satisfy your claim from it.
יט ואמר אביי ראובן שמכר שדה לשמעון שלא באחריות
19 Abaye said:<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Cf. Keth. 92b and B.M. 14a. ');"><sup>18</sup></span> If Reuben had disposed of a field to Simeon with a warranty [of indemnity],<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' In case it is distrained on by the vendor's creditors. ');"><sup>19</sup></span> and an alleged creditor of Reuben came to distrain on it from Simeon, Reuben is entitled by law to come forward and litigate with the creditor, nor can the latter say to him: 'You [Reuben] are no party to me;'<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' For he who has no personal interest in a litigation can be no pleader in it; cf. infra 70a. ');"><sup>20</sup></span> for Reuben will surely say to him: 'If you will deprive Simeon of the field purchased by him from me, he will turn on me.'<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' To be indemnified for the warranty. ');"><sup>21</sup></span> There are some who say: Even if there were no warranty there the same law applies, as Reuben may say to the alleged creditor: 'I don't want Simeon to have any grievance against me.' And Abaye further said:<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Keth. 92b-93a. ');"><sup>22</sup></span> If Reuben sold a field to Simeon without a warranty [for indemnity]